I don't think so as that would be a serious bug in any version control software. Of course, bugs happen everywhere so you never have 100% guarantee but I've never experienced any kind of corruption.
I've never seen corruption of binary files, either - it shouldn't happen. Sure, with binary files you lose the ability to merge, see diffs, etc. but the file changes are still kept reliably. Git is also not very efficient for versioning big binary files but that is a separate issue. Anyway, no need to worry about corruption.
