In your XML documentation you never specify the format of the <?xml ... ?> line. You give some examples, but never specifications. The tutorial frequently recommends saving the file in UTF-8 format, but every example of the encoding attribute shows encoding="ISO-8859-1". I can only guess that what I want is <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> .Also, it is not clear from your write-up whether single quotes (') are legal as xml quotes, or only double quotes (") are legal. In many languages we use double quotes to surround the entire output string and so single quotes are easier t